SEARCH : Study of Environmental Arctic Change

SEARCH Activities Spreadsheet

The SEARCH Project Office, ARCUS, is in the process of creating a single SEARCH Project Catalog. The projects in the table below will eventually be incorporated into the new catalog database. These projects come from an initial project assessment, started by the Polar Science Center / Applied Physics Laboratory at the University of Washington. The table below is downloadable as an excel spreadsheet:

SEARCH Project Spreadsheet - Last Updated: 26 April 2005

Entries in the table have been categorized according to the eight activities identified in the SEARCH Implementation Strategy, and also according to nine types of activity. For each entry, an indication of relevance has been assigned, with 1 indicating highest relevance and 3 indicating lowest relevance. A key to areas of activities and activity types is available at the bottom of the page.

Short Title	Long Title	Person/ Organization	Subject	Activity Types (See acronyms)	Project Links	Primary Activity Area (See acronyms)	Primary Relevance	Secondary Activity Area	Temporal Coverage	Spatial Coverage	Map Code	Sponsor	Affiliations
Active Layer Thickness and Moisture Content	Active Layer Thickness and Moisture Content of Arctic Tundra From SVAT Models and Assimilated 1.4 or 6.9 GHz Brightness	England, A/ U MI	Enable near-daily satellite monitoring of thickness and water content of the active layer	C, DA, DQ, M, SI	Abstract	DTO		DQU	spring-summer	Pan-Arctic	R1	NSF	CHAMP, FWI
Ice Sheet Mass Balance	Airborne Studies of Ice Sheet Mass Balance	Krabill, W. / NASA	Repeat airborne laser mapping of Greenland Ice Sheet and Outlet Glacier Topography	DQ, DA		DMO ??	3		1993-2003	Greenland	S1	NASA	NASA
Observed Variability of Davis Strait Freshwater Flux	An Observational Array for High Resolution, Year-round Measurements of Volume, Freshwater, and Ice Flux Variability in Davis Strait	Lee, C/ U WA	Develop an integrated system to measure the volume, ice and freshwater fluxes at Davis Strait. Deploy the system for two years and analyze the data.	I, DQ, DA	Abstract	DMO	1		2004-2006	Davis Strait	S2	NSF	ASOF, FWI
Arctic/SubArctic Climate Change	Arctic/SubArctic Climate Change	Rhines, P/ U WA	Support coordination, administration and synthesis of ASOF-West	F	Abstract Website	DMO	1	LGC		ASOF West Domain	R2	NSF	NSF
Landfast Ice Relationship to Freshwater Budget	Assessing the Long-Term Contribution of Landfast Ice to the Arctic Freshwater Budget	Yu, Y/ U WA	Assess the interannual variability of Arctic Ocean landfast ice and its long-term contribution to the Arctic freshwater budget	DA	Abstract Website	DQU	2	DMO	1975-2003	Pan-Arctic Landfast Ice	S3	NSF	NSF
Sea Ice Concentration	A new look at Northern Hemisphere Sea Ice Concentration	Stern, H/ U WA										NSF
Arctic Ocean Projections	Projections of an Ice-Diminished Arctic Ocean	Zhang,J./ U WA										NSF
Arctic Shelf Outflow	The fate of a large and strongly forced Arctic shelf outflow: Physical and Biochemical Process Studies	Weingartner, T. / U AK										NSF
Bering Strait Measurements	Extended measurements in Bering Strait	Aagaard, K./ U WA										ONR
Chukchi Shelf Outflow	The variable outflow from the Chukchi Shelf to the Arctic Ocean	Aagaard, K./ U WA										ONR
Arctic Ocean Circulation	The influence of the Mendeleev Ridge and the Chukchi Borderland on the large-scale circulation of the Arctic Ocean	Woodgate, R./ U WA										NSF
Freshwater Accumulation in Beaufort Gyre	Beaufort Gyre Freshwater Experiment: Study of Freshwater Accumulation and Release Mechanism and the Role of Fresh Water in Arctic Climate Variability	Proshutinsky, A/WHOI	Investigate the role of wind forcing in fresh water accumulation	DA, DQ, M	Abstract	DMO	1	DQU		Arctic Ocean, particularly in the Beaufort Gyre area	S4	NSF	NSF
Bering Ecosystem Study	Bering Ecosystem Study Program (BEST)	Hunt, G/UC-Irvine	Perform measurements and modeling aspects of SEARCH that are relevant to the Bering Sea	PLN	Abstract Website	DQU	1	DMO	5 years	Bering Sea	S5	NSF	NSF
Biogeochemical Tracers in Arctic Rivers	Biogeochemical Tracers in Arctic Rivers: Linking the Pan-Arctic Watershed to the Arctic Ocean	Peterson, B/WHOI	Use river water chemistry as a means to study the origins and fates of continental runoff	DQ, DA, M, SI	Abstract	DMO	1	DTO	5 years	Yenisey, Lena, Ob', Mackenzie, Yukon, and Kolyma rivers	S6	NSF	NSF
Short Title	Long Title	Person/ Organization	Subject	Activity Types (See acronyms)	Project Links	Primary Activity Area (See acronyms)	Primary Relevance	Secondary Activity Area	Temporal Coverage	Spatial Coverage	Map Code	Sponsor	Affiliations
Freeze-Thaw, Permafrost and Hydrology	Changes in Freeze-Thaw and Permafrost Dynamics and Their Hydrological Implication over the Russian Arctic Drainage Basin	Zhang, T/U CO	Assess the response of soil thermal, freeze-thaw and permafrost dynamics and evaluate the impacts of these processes on the hydrologic cycle	DA, P	Abstract	LGC				400 locations from the former Soviet Union; Russian arctic drainage basin	S7	NSF	NSF
Land Surface Model Hindcast	Collaborative Research: A Land Surface Model Hind-Cast for the Terrestrial Arctic Drainage System	Serreze, M/U CO	Combine data synthesis and land surface modeling to assemble a time series for the Arctic terrestrial drainage of land surface	DA, M, SI	Abstract	DQU	1		ERA-40 Period	Pan-Arctic Land Surface	S8	NSF	NSF
Freshwater System Assessment	Collaborative Research: An Integrated Assessment of the Pan-Arctic Freshwater System: Analysis of Retrospective and Contemporary Conditions	Vorosmarty, C/U NH	Synthesize and integrate the pan-Arctic water cycle conditions	DA, SI, M	Abstract	DQU	1		1960-Present	Pan-Arctic	S9	NSF	NSF
Sea-Ice-Ocean Reanalysis	Arctic Sea-Ice-Ocean Reanalysis and Observing System studies.	Steele, M/U WA										NASA
Upper Ocean Freshwater Switchyard	Collaborative Research: Circulation in the Freshwater Switchyard of the Arctic Ocean	Steele, M/U WA	Document the circulation, variability, and driving mechanisms of the upper ocean in the freshwater switchyard of the Arctic Ocean.	DQ, DA, M	Abstract	DQU	1	DMO	Spring 2003 Ð 2007	north of the eastern Canadian Archipelago and Greenland, extending about 500-800 km into the central Arctic Ocean	S10	NSF	NSF
Short Title	Long Title	Person/ Organization	Subject	Activity Types (See acronyms)	Project Links	Primary Activity Area (See acronyms)	Primary Relevance	Secondary Activity Area	Temporal Coverage	Spatial Coverage	Map Code	Sponsor	Affiliations
Storage Changes in Arctic Freshwater	Collaborative Research: Detection and Attribution of Changes in the Hydrologic Regimes of the Mackenzie, the Kuparuk and the Lena River Basins	Hinzman, L/U AK-Fairbanks	Assess changes in the storage of Arctic freshwater and ascribe those changes to their land cover or climate source, and also determine the impacts of past and future variations in storage components on freshwater inputs into the Arctic Ocean	C, DA, M, P	Abstract	DTO			Past and future	Mackenzie, the Kuparuk and the Lena River Basins	S11	NSF	NSF
Integrated Analysis of FW Cycle using a GCM	Collaborative Research: Integrated Analyses of the Arctic Freshwater Cycle and Its Influence on Global Climate	Holland, M/U CO	Integrate the impacts and processes of the arctic freshwater cycle with focus on analyses of the physical processes, as represented by global scale models	P, SI	Abstract	LQC				Local, Pan-Arctic and Global	R3	NSF	NSF
Ocean Pressure variations	Collaborative Research: Ocean Pressure in the Arctic Derived from Satellite Gravity Observations and In Situ Pressure Measurements	Kwok, R/JPL	Estimate the large-scale seasonal and longer time variations in the Arctic Ocean bottom pressure, sea level, and circulation using in-situ observations of deep- sea pressure, hydrographic and atmospheric data, and satellite gravity.	DA, DQ	Abstract	DMO					R4	NSF	NSF
Nares Strait Fluxes	Collaborative Research: Variability and Forcing of Fluxes through Nares Strait and Jones Sound: A Freshwater Emphasis	Falkner, K/OSU	Study the flux through the Canadian Archipelago	DA, DQ, I, M	Abstract Website	DMO	1		3.5 years	Nares Strait, Cardigan St. and Hell Gate	S12	NSF	NSF
Connections Among Atmospheric Forcing, Runoff and Conditions	Connections Among Atmospheric Forcing, Runoff and Conditions in the Laptev and East Siberian Seas	Semiletov, I/U AK-Fairbanks	Assess the role of atmospheric forcing in linking land hydrology in the watersheds with the transport and fate of riverine waters	DA, DQ ,P, S	Abstract	DQU			2000 and 2002	Lena, Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma rivers to the Laptev and East Siberian seas	S13	NSF	NSF
Anthropogenic effects on river discharge	Decadal to Centennial History of Lena River Discharge to the Arctic Ocean	Karabanov, E/ U SC	Examine the effects of anthropogenic activity and global warming on freshwater and organic carbon input to the Arctic Ocean	DA, P	Abstract	DQUÊ		LGC	last 50-150 yrs (Lena River) carbon cycle last 2000 yrs	Lena River	S14	NSF	NSF
Sea Ice Teleconnections and Productivity	Detection of Climate Change in the Western Arctic: Sea Ice Teleconnections and Productivity	McNutt, L/U AK Fairbanks	Detection of Climate Change in the Western Arctic: Sea Ice Teleconnections and Productivity	DA, P		DMO ??				Western Arctic	S15	NSF	NSF
Biases in precipitation gauge measurements	Development of Bias-Corrected Precipitation Database and Climatology for the Arctic Regions	Yang, D/U AK Fairbanks	Address biases in precipitation gauge measurements from high latitudes	DA	Abstract	DTO	1			Pan Arctic	S16	NSF	NSF
Comparison of sea ice deformation features	Direct Comparison of Arctic Sea Ice Deformation Features from the Radarsat Geophysical Processor System and a High Resolution Sea Ice Model	Hopkins, M/CRREL	Comparison of sea ice deformation features	DA, M		DMO ??					S17	NASA	NASA
Ecosystem Change in the Northern Bering Sea	Ecosystem Change in the Northern Bering Sea	Grebmeier, J/U TN	Investigate the hypothesis that recent anomalous spring and summer productivity related to decadal-scale atmospheric/sea ice/oceanographic processes	DQ, I, P	Abstract	DGU	1	DMO	Recent decades	Northern Bering Sea shelf	S18	NOAA	NOAA
Short Title	Long Title	Person/ Organization	Subject	Activity Types (See acronyms)	Project Links	Primary Activity Area (See acronyms)	Primary Relevance	Secondary Activity Area	Temporal Coverage	Spatial Coverage	Map Code	Sponsor	Affiliations
Estimates of Arctic melt pond coverage	Estimation of Arctic Melt Pond Coverage on Sea Ice Using EOS Data: Algorithm Development and retrieval of Spatial and Temporal Pond Statistics	Perovich, D/CRELL	Use a satellite combined with aircraft video to create a new technique for detecting ponds of water on top of Arctic sea ice to aid in determining Arctic heat balance	I	News	DMO ??	1		2002, 2003 and 2004 summer melt seasons	Beaufort Sea	S19	NASA	NASA
Ice Flux, Motion and Deformation	Fram Strait Ice Flux and Ross Sea Ice Motion, Flux, and Deformation	Kwok, R/JPL	Fram Strait Ice Flux and Ross Sea Ice Motion, Flux, and Deformation	DA, DQ			1			Fram Strait and Ross Sea	S20	NASA	NASA
Surface Ocean Currents Effects on Fresh Water Variability	Fresh Water Budget of the Arctic and High Latitude Mode of Atmospheric Variability	Tremblay, B /Columbia U	Seeks to quantify the contribution of surface ocean currents to the interannual variability in freshwater transport	M, P	Abstract	DMO		LGC	past 53 years	Greenland and Labrador seas	R5	NSF	NSF
Ice Mass Variations	Global Inverse Study of Ice Mass Variations Using Sea-Level History, Gravity and Altimetry Data Combination	Wu, X/	Global Inverse Study of Ice Mass Variations Using Sea-Level History, Gravity and Altimetry Data Combination	DA, SI		ASR ??				Global	S21	NASA	NASA
Ice Sheet Reanalysis of Its Energy Budget	Greenland: Reanalysis of the Energy Budget of the Ice Sheet (GREBIS)	Cassano, J/U CO		DA		ASR				Greenland	S22	NASA	NASA
	Interactions Among Observations of Laterally Advected Heat and Moisture, Cloud Properties, Surface Temperature, Surface Radiation Fluxes, and Net Precipitation in the Arctic	Ackerman, S/U WI-Madison	Examine interactions and feedbacks among five fundamental components of the Arctic environment: horizontally transported heat and moisture, cloud properties, surface temperature, net precipitation, and surface radiation fluxes.	DA, P, SI	Abstract	LQC			20-years	Pan Arctic	R5	NSF	NSF
International Arctic Buoy Program	International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP)	Rigor, I/U WA	Coordinate resources to maintain the network of automatic data buoys used for monitoring synoptic-scale fields of pressure, temperature, and ice motion	F	Abstract Website	DMO	1			Arctic Ocean	R6	ONR, NOAA IARC NASA NIC	ONR, NOAA IARC NASA NIC
Arctic Ocean Model Intercomparison Project		Proshutinsky, A/WHOI										IARC, NSF
International Workshop: Arctic Observations Based on Ice-Tethered Platforms	International Workshop: Arctic Observations Based on Ice-Tethered Platforms	Proshutinsky, A/WHOI	Workshop to address the "Arctic gap" in the ocean observing system by developing a new instrument concept of ice-tethered profilers	F	Abstract Website	DMO	1		June 23-25, 2004	Pan-Arctic	R8	NSF	NSF
Short Title	Long Title	Person/ Organization	Subject	Activity Types (See acronyms)	Project Links	Primary Activity Area (See acronyms)	Primary Relevance	Secondary Activity Area	Temporal Coverage	Spatial Coverage	Map Code	Sponsor	Affiliations
Hydrological Observation System	Long-term observations: Collaborative Research: A Hydrological Observing System for the Pan-Arctic Landmass (Arctic-RIMS)	Vorosmarty, C/U NH	Collect meteorology and hydrology data from river systems that discharge into the Arctic Ocean.		Abstract	DMO				Pan-Arctic Landmass	R9	NSF	NSF
Test Feasibility of a Pumping Station in Bering Strait	Long-Term Observations: An Arctic Environmental Observatory in Bering Strait	Cooper, L/U TN	Test the feasibility of a long term observatory in the Bering Strait region of Alaska. The key facility would be a pumping station located on the Strait.	DQ, I	Abstract	DMO				Little Diomede Island in the center of Bering Strait	R10	NSF	NSF
Ice Sheet Accumulation	Multisensor Measurements of the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Ice-Sheet Accumulation	Bindschadler, R/NASA-Goddard	Multisensor Measurements of the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Ice-Sheet Accumulation	DA, DQ		DMO ??				Global ??	S23	NASA	NASA
TOVS Radiance	TOVS-Radiance Corrections	Schweiger, A/ U WA										NASA
Arctic Clouds and Surface Radiation	NOAA SEARCH Element 1: Retrospective Analysis of Arctic Clouds and Radiation from Surface and Satellite Measurements	Key, J/U WI-Madison	Perform a retrospective analysis of coincident surface measurements and satellite-derived quantities, comparing one to the other, and assessing their spatial and temporal variability	DA, P	Abstract	DQU		ASR	Past 20 years	Pan-Arctic	S24	NOAA	NOAA
Environmental Monitoring and Trend Detection	NOAA SEARCH Element 2: Atmospheric Observatory Site Selection Building National and International Linkages	Intrieri, J/NOAA-ETL	Compile existing environmental monitoring and analyze select data sets for their usefulness in providing trend detection and more	DA	Abstract	DQU		LAO			S25	NOAA	NOAA
Barrow Atmospheric Observatory	NOAA SEARCH Element 3: Atmospheric Observatory	Uttal, T/NOAA-ETL	Mirror the Barrow atmospheric measurements	DA, DQ, SI	Abstract	LAO				Northeastern Canada	S26	NOAA	NOAA
Correction of Systematic Errors in TOVS Radiances	NOAA SEARCH Element 4: Correction of Systematic Errors in TOVS Radiances	Francis, J/Rutgers U	Correction of Systematic Errors in TOVS Radiances	C, DA	Abstract	LAO	1		20 years (since 1979)	Global, primarily Arctic	S27	NOAA	NOAA
Data Integration for Arctic Reanalysis and Change Detection	NOAA SEARCH Element 5: Observations for SEARCH: Data Integration for Arctic Reanalysis and Change Detection	Fetterer, F/NSIDC	Collect data relevant to SEARCH reanalysis and change detection and provide ready access to data	DQ, SI	Abstract	DQU	1	ASR			S28	NOAA	NOAA
Key characteristics of Arctic Change	NOAA SEARCH Element 6: Arctic Change Detection	Overland, J/PMEL	Multivariate analysis of change in the Arctic in space and time	DQ, SI	Abstract	DQU	1			Pan-Arctic	S29	NOAA	NOAA
Synthesize results of earlier field programs	NOAA SEARCH Element 7: Initiation of an Arctic Reanalysis Activity in SEARCH	Walsh, J/U Il-Urbana	Perform ground work for the development of an Arctic reanalysis, including synthesis of results from earlier Arctic field programs	SI	Abstract	ASR	1			Pan-Arctic	S30	NOAA	NOAA
Monitor Ice Thickness	NOAA SEARCH Element 8: Monitoring Ice Thickness in the Western Arctic Ocean	Richter-Menge, J/CRREL	Establish and maintain a large-scale sea ice thickness observing system.	DQ, I	Abstract	DMO	1			Primarily the western sector of the Arctic region	S31	NOAA	NOAA
Short Title	Long Title	Person/ Organization	Subject	Activity Types (See acronyms)	Project Links	Primary Activity Area (See acronyms)	Primary Relevance	Secondary Activity Area	Temporal Coverage	Spatial Coverage	Map Code	Sponsor	Affiliations
Weekly to Seasonal Sea Ice Forecasting	Forecasting the condition of Sea Ice on Weekly to Seasonal Time Scales	Rigor, I/U WA										NOAA/CTP
Buoys Monitor Ice Mass Balance	NOAA SEARCH Element 9: Monitoring the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean	Rigor, I/U WA	Deploy enhanced buoys to monitor the ice mass balance	DQ	Abstract	DMO	1			Eurasian Basin	S32	NOAA	NOAA
Oceanic Observations of Climate Change	NOAA SEARCH Element 10: Oceanic Observations of Climate Change in the Arctic-Subpolar Zone	Rhines, P/U WA	Provide observations of water masses and fluxes of water, salt, heat, ice and tracers	DA, DQ, I	Abstract	DMO ??		SR ??		Between the Arctic Ocean and the sub-Arctic Seas	S33	NOAA	NOAA
North Pole Environmental Observatory	North Pole Station: A Distributed Long-Term Environmental Observatory	Morison, J/U WA	Establish a Long-Term Observatory at the North Pole by installing an oceanographic mooring, launching a drifting buoy, and conducting repeated oceanographic transects for temperature and salinity.	DA, DQ, I	Abstract Website	DMO	1			North Pole area	R11	NSF	NSF
SEARCH Project Office	Planning and Assessment For a Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH)	Morison, J/ U WA	Establish an office to facilitate collection of information from a multidisciplinary group of Arctic researchers who have individually determined that a significant warming of the Arctic environment has been underway for at least a decade.	F	Abstract Website		1			Pan-Arctic	S34	NSF	NSF
Model precipitation in Greenland and Antarctic	Precipitation Modeling Over the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets and the Relationship to Surface Mass Balance and Climate	Bromwich, D/U Vic	Precipitation Modeling Over the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets and Its Relationship to Surface Mass Balance and Climate	DA, M		LAO ??				Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets	S35	NASA	NASA
Identify the causes for increased river discharge	River discharge from the Russian Federation: An understanding of contemporary trends and their placement in a Holocene context	Smith, L/UCLA	Identify the causes for increased river discharge	DQ, M		DQU		ASR	The past 65 years	Russian Federation rivers to the Arctic Ocean	S36	NASA	NASA
Short Title	Long Title	Person/ Organization	Subject	Activity Types (See acronyms)	Project Links	Primary Activity Area (See acronyms)	Primary Relevance	Secondary Activity Area	Temporal Coverage	Spatial Coverage	Map Code	Sponsor	Affiliations
Patterns and Variability In T,Ice, Temperature	Spatial and Temporal Patterns and Variability of Sea and Ice Surface Temperatures in the Seasonal and Marginal Sea Ice Zones	Maslanik, J/U CO		DA		DQU ??				Seasonal and Marginal Sea Ice Zones	S37	NASA	NASA
Synthesis of Watersheds Balance Data	Synthesis of Water Balance Data from Northern Experimental Watersheds	Kane, D/U AK-Fairbanks	Compile existing knowledge from arctic water balance studies.	DA, DQ, SI	Abstract	DMO ??		ASR ??			S38	NSF	NSF
CHAMP Project Office	The Arctic Community-wide Hydrological Analysis and Monitoring Program (Arctic-CHAMP) Project Office	Vorosmarty, C/U NH	Establish an Arctic-CHAMP Science Management Office (SMO) to assist ARCSS in coordinating emerging Arctic-CHAMP science and outreach efforts.	F	Abstract Website	DTO	1				S39	NSF	NSF
Annular Modes Role in the Coupled Climate System	The Role of Annular Modes in the Coupled Climate System	Baldwin, M/NW Research Associates	Explore interannual climate predictability based on annular-mode values. Investigate the AO and stratospheric circulation anomalies, their linkages with high-and low-latitude climate in terms of decadal variability	DA, M	Abstract Website	LGC ??					S40	NASA	NASA
Spatial and Temporal Variability in River Discharge and Surface Hydrology	The Role of Spatial and Temporal Variability of Pan-Arctic River Discharge and Surface Hydrologic Processes on Climate	Lettenmaier, D/U WA	Analyze how the coupled arctic climate system will respond to changes in riverine discharge of freshwater, and how will the temporal and spatial variability of freshwater discharge and changes therein interact with the dynamics of high latitude climate	DA, M, SI	Abstract	LGC				Pan-Arctic	S41	NSF	NSF
Ice Sheet Elevation, Accumulation and Mass Balance	Variability of Accumulation, Ice-Sheet Elevation, and Mass Balance at Regional Spatial Scales	Bales, R/U AZ	Ice Sheet Elevation, Accumulation and Mass Balance	DA							S42	NASA	NASA
Ice/Ocean Interaction	The mutual interaction between ice production and ocean heat transport in a greenhouse warming scenario	Bitz, C/U WA										NSF
Rain on Snow		Bitz, C/U WA										NSF
Polar Amplification	Polar Amplification and High-Latitude Climate Sensitivity in Global Climate Models	Bitz, C/U WA										NSF
Improve on Sublimation Model accuracy	Winter Precipitation, Sublimation, and Snow-Depth in the Pan-Arctic: Critical Processes and a Half Century of Change	Pielke, R/CSU	Improve and develop models and methods that will accurately and reliably estimate sublimation rates.	DA, DQ, M	Abstract	DQU		ASR	5 years	Pan-Arctic	S43	NSF	NSF
Sub-Arctic Seas Ecosystem Research Plan Workshops	Workshops to Develop a Research Plan for Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas Program	Urban, E/SCOR	Workshops to Assess how global change may affect the marine ecosystems of these sub-arctic seas and their ability to support productive fisheries.	F	Abstract Website	DMO	1			Sub-Arctic Seas	R12	NSF	NSF
Ocean Pressure in the Arctic	Collaborative Research: Ocean Pressure in the Arctic Derived From Satellite Gravity Observations and In Situ Measurements	Morison, J/ U WA	Use of satellite gravity and in situ pressure and hydrography measurements to monitor changes in ocean circulation	C, DA, DQ, I	Abstract	DMO	1	DQU	5 years	Arctic Ocean with Global Ocean Connection	?	NSF	NSF, NASA?

Key to Areas of Activities
ASR	Arctic System Reanalysis
DMO	Distributed Marine Observatories
DQU	Defining and Quantifying Unaami and other modes of Variability
DTO	Distributed Terrestrial Observatories
LAO	Large-scale Atmospheric Observatories
LGC	Linkages and Global Coupling
SEI	Social and Economic Interaction
SOR	Social Response

Key to Activity Types
C	Calibration
DA	Data analysis
DQ	Data acquisition
F	Infrastructure
I	Instrumentation
M	Modeling
P	Process study
SI	Synthesis & integration
PLN	Planning