2003 Annual Meeting and Arctic Forum | Meeting Abstracts
Poster and Presentation Abstracts for the ARCUS 15th Annual Meeting and Arctic Forum 2003
4/28/03 - 4/29/03Arlington, Virginia, USA
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Abstracts are listed in alphabetical order by first author's last name.
Poster Abstracts
Belkin | Belkin | Berman (Nicolson) | Borys | Clement (Maslowski) | D'Arrigo | Dixon | Dixon (Maslowski) | Eiane | Epstein | Ford | Gu (England) | Hartzell | Ilinskiy | Johnson | Kelley | Key (Minnett) | Klauder | Krupnik | Manley | Meehan | Oelke (Serreze) | Rachold (Brown) | Sevostianov | Sherr | Smith (Sveinbjörnsson) | Sullivan (Welker) | Traustason (Sveinbjörnsson) | Voevodskaya (Brown) | Warnick | Welker
Presentation Abstracts
Berkes | Boon | Chapin | Crowell | Eicken | Irlbacher Fox | Jenkins | Kofinas | Krupnik | Magdanz | Mahoney | Mann | Ogilvie | Orians | Owletuck | Thorpe | Walsh | Weintraub | WoxenList of Abstracts
Propagation of the “Great Salinity Anomaly” of the 1990s Around the Northern North Atlantic: Subarctic Gyre Spin-up Confirmed
Igor M. Belkin1Abstract:
1Graduate School of Oceanography , University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA, Phone 401-874-6533, Fax 401-874-6728, ibelkin@gso.uri.edu
Time series of temperature and salinity extending through 2001 are used to describe propagation of the “Great Salinity Anomaly” of the 1990s (GSA’90s). Comparison of the distance-time relations for the GSA’70s, ‘80s, and ‘90s reveals a substantial intensification of the large-scale circulation in the northern North Atlantic, especially in the Subarctic Gyre....
Fronts of the Arctic/Subarctic Marginal Seas From Pathfinder SST Data
Igor M. Belkin1, Peter C. Cornillon2, David S. Ullman3Abstract:
1Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA, Phone 401-874-6533, Fax 401-874-6728, ibelkin@gso.uri.edu
2Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA, Phone 401-874-6283, Fax 401-874-6728, pcornillon@gso.uri.edu
3Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, 215 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI, 02882, USA, Phone 401-874-6138, Fax 401-874-6728, dullman@gso.uri.edu
The Arctic/Subarctic Seas feature a variety of fronts that clearly manifest in the surface layer, both in temperature and salinity. Thermal fronts were studied from the Pathfinder satellite SST fields, 1985-1996, obtained from the AVHRR 9-km twice-daily images (8,364 images in total). The SST fronts were detected from each individual image using...
Building Resilience in the Arctic: Cross-scale Institutions and Traditional Environmental Knowledge
Fikret Berkes1Abstract:
1Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 70 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada, Phone 204-474-6731, Fax 204-261-0038, berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca
In areas experiencing rapid change, such as the Arctic, building capacity to respond and adapt to change is a fundamental concern. The concept of resilience provides a window for the study of change, emphasizing learning, self-organization and adaptive capacity. How do societies and institutions deal with environmental change and, in...
Adaptation and Sustainability in a Small Arctic Community: Results of an Agent-Based Simulation Model
Matthew Berman1, Craig Nicolson2, Gary Kofinas3, Stephanie Martin4Abstract:
1Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA, Phone 907-786-7716, Fax 907-786-7739, matthew.berman@uaa.alaska.edu
2Department of Natural Resources Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003-4210, USA, Phone 413-545-3154, Fax 413-545-4358, craign@forwild.umass.edu
3Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, PO Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7000, USA, Phone 907-474-7078, Fax 907-474-6967, ffgpk@uaf.edu
4Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA, Phone 907-345-8130, Fax 907-345-8130, anslm1@uaa.alaska.edu
Climate warming could alter key Arctic ecosystem functions that support fish and wildlife resources harvested by local aboriginal communities. Another set of global forces increasingly directs local cash economies that communities use to support subsistence activities. Agent-based computational models (ABMs) may contribute to an integrated assessment of community sustainability by simulating how...
Impact of an Extreme Melt Event on the Hydrology and Runoff of a High Arctic Glacier
Sarah Boon1, Martin Sharp2, Peter Nienow3Abstract:
1Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 1-26 Earth Sci. Bldg., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada, Phone 780-492-3265, Fax 780-492-7598, sboon@ualberta.ca
2Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 1-16 Earth Science Building, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada, Phone 780-492-4156, Fax 780-492-7598, martin.sharp@ualberta.ca
3Department of Geography and Topographic Science, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G4 9DW, United Kingdom, Phone +44/141-3303-63, Fax +44/141-3304-89, pnienow@geog.gla.ac.uk
On 28-30 July, 2000, an extreme melt event was observed at John Evans Glacier (JEG), Ellesmere Island (79° 40' N, 74° 00' W). Hourly melt rates during this event fell in the upper 4% of the distribution of melt rates observed at the site during the period 1996-2000. Synoptic conditions during the...
Interannual Variability of UV Irradiance, Ozone and Aerosol in the Arctic
Randolph D. Borys1, Melanie A. Wetzel2, James Slusser3, Cathrine Cahill4Abstract:
1Division of Atmospheric Science, Desert Research Institute, Storm Peak LAboratory, P.O. Box 770799, 47 East Logan Avenue, Steamboat Springs, CO, 80477-0799, USA, Phone 970-879-8796, Fax 970-879-7819, borys@dri.edu
2Division of Atmospheric Science, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV, 80512-1095, USA, Phone 775-674-7024, Fax 775-674-7016, wetzel@dri.edu
3UVB Monitoring and Research Program, Colorado State University, Natural Resources and Ecology Laboratory, Ft. Collins, CO, 80523, USA
4Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7320, USA, Phone 907-474-7625, Fax 907-474-7290, cahill@gi.alaska.edu
Field measurements, satellite remote sensing and radiative transfer modeling has been used to explore the variability of UV irradiance in a high latitude region near Fairbanks, Alaska. Observations include continuous measurements from a new permanent monitoring site at Poker Flat Research Range which began operations in September 2000, and results from shorter...
Resilience and Change in Arctic Terrestrial Ecosystems: A Key Role in the Arctic System
Stuart Chapin1Abstract:
1Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA, Phone 9074747922, Fax 9074746967, terry.chapin@uaf.edu
The Alaskan arctic and boreal ecosystems are warming as rapidly as any place on Earth, resulting in changes in a wide range of physical and biological processes. In the absence of directional changes, these linkages among interactive processes buffer high-latitude ecosystems against large changes. For this reason high-latitude ecosystems appear quite...
Upstream environment for SBI - Modeled and observed biophysical conditions in the northern Bering Sea
Jaclyn Clement1, Wieslaw Maslowski2, Lee Cooper3, Jacqueline Grebmeier4, Waldemar Walczowski5, Jeff Dixon6Abstract:
1Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, 833 Dyer Road, Monterey, CA, 93943, USA, Phone 831.656.3226, Fax 831.656.2712, jlclemen@nps.navy.mil
2Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, 833 Dyer Road, Monterey, CA, 93943, USA, Phone 831.656.3226, Fax 831.656.2712, wmaslowk@nps.navy.mil
3Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 10515 Research Dr, Suite 100, Knoxville, TN, 37932, USA, Phone 865.974.2990, Fax 865.974.7896, lcooper1@utk.edu
4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 10515 Research Dr, Suite 100, Knoxville, TN, 37932, USA, Phone 865.974.2592, Fax 865.974.7896, jgrebmei@utk.edu
5Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstanców Warszawy 55, PL-81-712, Sopot, Poland, Phone (58) 551-72-83, walczows@iopan.gda.pl
6Department of Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, 833 Dyer Road, Monterey, CA, 93943, USA, Phone 831.656.2269, Fax 831.656.2712, jsdixon@nps.navy.mil
Using a high-resolution Pan-Arctic ice-ocean model, the circulation of the northern Bering Sea and transport through Bering Strait are investigated and discussed in relation to their influence on downstream conditions in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas. Model results are compared to observational data including salinity and nutrient concentrations in the Bering...
We Are Sugpiaq: Archaeology, Environment, and Oral Traditions of the Outer Kenai Coast, Alaska (Film and Discussion)
Aron L. Crowell1Abstract:
1Arctic Studies Center, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 121 W. 7th Ave., Anchorage, AK, 99501, USA, Phone 907-343-6162, Fax 907-343-6130, acrowell@alaska.net
Film, approx. 15 minutes, in English/ Sugcestun
Produced by the Arctic Studies Center, Pratt Museum, and Native villages of Nanwalek, Port Graham, and Seldovia, Alaska
Sugpiaq/Alutiiq residents of the Kenai Peninsula, southern Alaska, are working with the Smithsonian Institution‚s Arctic Studies Center, the Pratt Museum, and the National Park Service to...
Tree-Ring Reconstructions of Arctic Oscillation Indices Since AD 1650
Rosanne D. D'Arrigo1, Edward R. Cook2, Michael E. Mann3, Gordon C. Jacoby4Abstract:
1Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA, Phone 845-365-8617, Fax 845-365-8152, druidrd@ldeo.columbia.edu
2Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA, Phone 845-365-8618, Fax 845-365-8152, drdendro@ldeo.columbia.edu
3Dept. of Environmental Science, University of Virginia, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA, Phone 804-924-7770, Fax 804-982-2137, mann@virginia.edu
4Tree-Ring Laboratory, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA, Phone 845-365-8616, Fax 845-365-8152, druid@ldeo.columbia.edu
Arctic Oscillation (AO) changes are inferred from a tree-ring reconstruction of a warm-season temperature index. The reconstruction covers AD 1650-1975 and is based largely on chronologies from circumpolar-Arctic and circum-North Atlantic areas. It accounts for 48% of the variance in the instrumental AO record from 1900 to 1975, verifies using independent data,...
Archeology of Alaska Glaciers and Snow Fields
E. James Dixon1, William F. Manley2Abstract:
1INSTAAR, University of Colorado at Boulder, 450 UCB, 265 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0265, USA, Phone 303-735-7802, Fax 303-4926388, jdixon@colorado.edu
2INSTAAR, University of Colorado at Boulder, 450 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA, Phone 303-735-1300, Fax 303-492-6388, william.manley@colorado.edu
Approximately 10% of the earth's land surface is covered by ice. Global warming is rapidly melting ice and exposing rare archeological remains. These sites are important to understanding the role of high latitude and high altitude environments in human adaptation and cultural development. GIS modeling is used to identify...
Circulation and Variability in the Western Arctic Ocean from a High-Resolution Ice-Ocean Model
Jeffrey S. Dixon1, Wieslaw Maslowski2, Jaclyn Clement3, Waldemar Walczowski4Abstract:
1Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA, 93943, USA, Phone (831) 656-2102, jsdixon@nps.navy.mil
2Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA, 93943, USA, Phone (831) 656-3162, maslowski@nps.navy.mil
3Oceanography, Naval Postgraduate School, 833 Dyer Rd, Monterey, CA, 93943, USA, Phone (831) 656-3226, jlclemen@nps.navy.mil
4Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstañców Warszawy 55, PL-81-712 Sopot, Poland
Interactions of the Atlantic Water circulation with Pacific Water exported from the Chukchi shelves towards the Chukchi Rise and in the southern Canada Basin are not well understood. Comprehensive modeling provides tools to supplement limited observational data and to improve our knowledge of the circulation in the Western Arctic. The...
Distribution of zooplankton in Arctic waters: spatial patterns and temporal dynamics in Svalbard waters
Ketil Eiane1Abstract:
1Department of Biology, UNIS, P.O. Box 156, Longyearbyen, 9171, Norway, Phone +47 79023342, Fax +47 79023301, ketil.eiane@unis.no
Around Svalbard water masses originating from different sources (Norwegian Sea, Barents Sea, Arctic Ocean) meet and the planktonic ecosystem in this area is characterized by coexistence of both Boreal and Arctic species. By studying how a group of 3 species of similar and ecologically important species of zooplankton (Calanus spp.) varies in...
Microorganisms in Arctic sea-ice environments and their resilience and vulnerability to climate variations and change
Hajo Eicken1, Christopher Krembs2, Karen Junge3, Jody Deming4, Rolf Gradinger5Abstract:
1Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7320, USA, hajo.eicken@gi.alaska.edu
2Applied Physics Lab and School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA, christopher.krembs@apl.washington.edu
3School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA, kjunge@ocean.washington.edu
4School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA, jdeming@u.washington.edu
5Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7220, USA, gradinger@ims.uaf.edu
Microorganisms living within Arctic sea ice are subjected (on a seasonal basis) to what may qualify as the widest range of environmental conditions in any type of marine environment. Hence, the strategies of bacterial and microalgal assemblages in dealing with the adverse conditions encountered in the sea-ice habitat may help us obtain...
Nitrogen Resorption from Senescing Plant Tissue in Arctic Tundra and its Effects on Whole-Ecosystem Properties
Howard E. Epstein1, William M. Yeatman2Abstract:
1Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA, Phone 434-924-4308, Fax 434-982-2137, hee2b@virginia.edu
2Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
Nitrogen resorption from senescing plant tissue for use in future growth is a ubiquitous process and can represent a substantial portion of the nitrogen used in net primary productivity. For vascular plants in arctic tundra ecosystems, the proportion of N retranslocated from senescing tissue has been observed to range from 10-80%,...
Vulnerability of communities in the Canadian Arctic to natural hazards in light of climate change - a framework for assessment
James D Ford1, Barry Smit2Abstract:
1Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontatio, N1G 2W1, Canada, Phone 5198244120 ext., Fax (519) 837-2940, jford01@uoguelph.ca
2Department of Geography, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada, Phone 519-824-4120, Fax (519) 837-2940, bsmit@uoguelph.ca
The vulnerability of the Arctic to climate change is widely accepted. Climate models predict significant increases in temperature with implications for the extent, distribution and thickness of the sea ice and permafrost, river hydrology, coastal processes, the occurrence of storms, and the habitat and populations of animal and plant species. It is...
Model-Based Monitoring of Pan-Arctic Tundra
Haoyu Gu1, Hanh Pham2, Yi-Ching Chung3, Roger D. DeRoo4, Anthony W. England5Abstract:
1Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave, Rm 3240 EECS, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA, Phone 734-763-5534, Fax 734-647-2106, guh@umich.edu
2USA
3USA
4USA
5Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 1301 Beal Ave, Rm 3240 EECS, Room 1010, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2122, USA, Phone 734-763-5534, Fax 734-647-2106, england@umich.edu
The overall objective of the 3 projects described in this poster is to enable near-daily monitoring of the thickness and water content of the active layer throughout the pan-Arctic using model-based inferrences about land surface processes and assimilated satellite microwave brightness. The tasks leading to this capability are development and plot-scale...
Glacier Macroinvertebrates: A Mystery to be Lost
Paula L. Hartzell1Abstract:
1Biology, Clark University, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA, Phone 508-421-3775, phartzell@clarku.edu
Glaciers in the Pacific Northwest of North America provide up to one third of stream flow during late summer-early fall dry months, yet the chemical and biological processes of glaciers, and their role in the larger environment is little understood. As many of this region's glaciers are extremely sensitive in response...
Heterotrophic Bacteria and Phytoplankton Spatial Distribution in the Central Arctic Under Ice Surface Water Layer in April-May
Vladimir V. Ilinskiy1Abstract:
1Hydrobiology, Biological Faculty, Moscow State Lomonosov University, Vorob'ievi gori , Moscow, 105043, Russia, Phone 095-939-25-73, Fax 095-939-01-26, ilinskiivladimir@mtu-net.ru
The microbial communities of the deep-water zone of the Arctic Ocean is not yet well undersood. This region is, for the most part, covered with drifting ice sheets and, therefore, hard-to-reach for research vessels. Russian microbiologist A.E. Kriss was the first to carry out microbiological research in some parts of the Central...
Women's Participation in Self Government Negotiations in the Northwest Territories, Canada
Stephanie Irlbacher Fox1Abstract:
1Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB21ER, United Kingdom, Phone 01223-336540, Fax 01223-336549, smi21@cam.ac.uk
This paper provides general background on self government negotiating processes in Canada’s Northwest Territories, focusing on women’s participation. It begins by briefly contrasting western feminist and indigenous feminist perspectives. A combination of statistical information, participant observations, interviews with self government negotiators, and narrative are sources for describing women’s involvement in self government...
Geographic Distribution and Seasonal Patterns of Larval Shedding of the Muscle-Dwelling Nematode Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei in Thinhorn Sheep from Northern North America
Emily Jenkins1, Alasdair Veitch2, G. D. Appleyard3, Eric P. Hoberg4, Susan J. Kutz5, L. Polley6Abstract:
1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada, Phone 306-966-7246, Fax 306-966-7244, emily.jenkins@usask.ca
2Department of Resources, Wildlife, and Economic Development, Government of the Northwest Territories, PO Box 130, Norman Wells, NT, X0E 0V0, Canada, Phone 867-587-2786, Fax 867-587-2359, alasdair_veitch@gov.nt.ca
3Canada
4Biosystematics and National Parasite Collection Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, BARC East No 1180, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA, Phone 301-504-8588, Fax 301-504-8979, ehoberg@lpsi.barc.usda.gov
5Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada, Phone 306-966-7242, Fax 306-966-7244, susan.kutz@usask.ca
6Canada
In 2000, the muscleworm Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (previously reported only in cervids and mountain goats) was identified in Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) from the Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories (NT), Canada. Subsequently, we determined the geographic distribution of P. odocoilei through examination of fecal samples from thinhorn sheep (Ovis dalli), bighorn sheep (Ovis...
INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR (IPY)
Leonard Johnson1Abstract:
1Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 7708 Lake Glen Drive, Glenn Dale, MD, 20769, USA, Phone 301-464-6724, gljgerg1@aol.com
The year 2007 will be the 125th anniversary of the initial International Polar Year (IPY) and it seems appropriate to launch another polar effort.
It is clear that a complex suite of significant, interrelated, atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial changes have occurred in the polar regions in recent decades. These events...
Plant Community and Ecosystem Properties in Arctic Frost-Boil Systems
Alexia M. Kelley1, Howard E. Epstein2, Donald A. Walker3Abstract:
1Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Road, PO Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA, Phone (434) 924-0576, Fax (434) 982-2137, amk5d@virginia.edu
2Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Road, PO Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA, Phone (434) 924-4308, Fax (434) 982-2137, hee2b@virginia.edu
3Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, PO Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA, Phone 907-474-2460, Fax 907-474-7666, ffdaw@uaf.edu
Frost boils are a type of patterned ground formation that is common in arctic ecosystems. These landscape features, typically 0.5 to 3 m in diameter, are initially formed through differential freezing and thawing of soils (cryoturbation) and may persist on the landscape for long periods of time. The disruption associated with soil...
Cloud Radiative Forcing in Arctic Polynyas: Parameterization and Modeling
Erica L. Key1, Peter J. Minnett2, Robert H. Evans3, Bruce A. Albrecht4, Tim N. Papakyriakou5, Zafer Top6Abstract:
1Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, University of Miami, RSMAS, MPO Division, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA, Phone 305-361-4657, Fax 305-361-4622, ekey@rsmas.miami.edu
2Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, University of Miami, RSMAS, MPO Division, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA, Phone 305-361-4104, Fax 305-361-4622, pminnett@rsmas.miami.edu
3Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, University of Miami, RSMAS, MPO Division, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA, Phone 305-361-4799, Fax 305-361-4622, revans@rsmas.miami.edu
4Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, University of Miami, RSMAS, MPO Division, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA, Phone 305-361-4043, Fax 305-361-4696, balbrecht@rsmas.miami.edu
5Department of Geography, University of Manitoba, Centre for Earth Observation Science, Room 225 Isbister Building, Fort Gary Campus, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada, Phone 204-474-8513, Fax 204-474-7699, papakyri@Ms.UManitoba.CA
6Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Miami, RSMAS, MAC Division, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL, 33149, USA, Phone 305-361-4110, Fax 305-361-4112, ztop@rsmas.miami.edu
Despite their applicability to climate change scenarios, polynyas have been the subject of few modeling studies (e.g. Lynch et al, 1995 and Morales-Maqueda and Willmott, 2000). Most of these previous works have focused on water mass formation within the polynya and not on the ice-ocean-cloud feedback mechanisms which evolve with and...
The ALIAS Project: Arctic Logistics Information and Support
Josh G. Klauder1, Thom Depace Wylie Gruenig2, Kalina Grabinska-Marusek3Abstract:
1ARCUS, 3535 College Road, Suite 101, Fairbanks, AK, 99709, USA, Phone 907-746-5959, Fax 907-474-1604, josh@arcus.org
2ARCUS, 3535 College Road, Suite 101, Fairbanks, AK, 99709, USA, Phone 907-474-1600, Fax 907-474-1604, thom@arcus.org
3ARCUS, 3535 College Road, Suite 101, Fairbanks, AK, 99709, USA, Phone 907-474-1600, Fax 907-474-1604, kalina@arcus.org
The ALIAS website is a gateway to logistics support information for arctic research, funded by NSF and created and maintained by the Arctic Research Consortium of the UnitedStates (ARCUS).
ALIAS supports the collaborative development and efficient use of all arctic logistics resources. It contains information about circumpolar resources in a...
Simulation Modeling and Local Communities: Lessons Learned from Assessing Resilience in a Cross-Cultural Setting
Gary Kofinas1Abstract:
1Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, PO Box 757000, Rm 212 Arctic Health Building, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7000, USA, Phone 907/ 474-7078, Fax 907/474-6967, ffgpk@uaf.edu
The NSF Sustainability of Arctic Communities Project experimented with the use of simulation models to facilitate the interactions of researchers and indigenous communities of the Canada-US Arctic Borderlands. Our project developed a transparent, user friendly model that served as a discussion tool to assess community sustainability in the face of climate...
The Earth is Faster Now: Indigenous Observations of Arctic Environmental Change
Igor Krupnik1, Dyanna Jolly2Abstract:
1Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA, Phone 202/357-4742, Fax 202/357-2684, krupnik.igor@nmnh.si.edu
2Centre for Maori and Indigenous Planning and Development, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Canterbury, 8021, New Zealand, Phone +64-3/325-2811 , Fax +64-3/325-3817, dyjolly@ighug.co.nz
ARCUS has published a collection of ten papers describing contemporary efforts to document indigenous knowledge of environmental change in the Arctic. Compiled and edited by Igor Krupnik and Dyanna Jolly, "The Earth is Faster Now: Indigenous Observations of Arctic Environmental Change" is available from ARCUS for $20 U.S. Copies will be available...
The Earth is Faster Now or Have We Seen These Warm Weathers Before?—Arctic People Experiencing Rapid Climate Change
Igor Krupnik1Abstract:
1Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington D.C., 20560, USA, Phone 202-357-4742, Fax 202-357-2684, krupnik.igor@nmnh.si.edu
Several recent studies have revealed the utmost value of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of the Arctic people in the study of recent climate change. It also demonstrates that indigenous observation may become a powerful tool in the multi-faceted analysis and monitoring of the arctic environment. Whereas attention is currently focused upon the...
Working Together: Cooperation in the Production and Distribution of Wild Food in Alaska
James S. Magdanz1, Charles J. Utermohle2, Robert J. Wolfe3Abstract:
1Division of Subsistence, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, PO Box 689, Kotzebue, AK, 99752, USA, Phone 907-442-1713, Fax 907-442-2420, james_magdanz@fishgame.state.ak.us
2Department of Health and Social Services, State of Alaska, PO Box 240249, Anchorage, AK, 99524-0249, USA, Phone 907-269-8030, Fax 907-562-7802, Charles_Utermohle@health.state.ak.us
3Wolfe and Associates, 1332 Corte Lira, San Marcos, CA, 92069, USA, Phone 760-734-3863, wolfeassoc@cox.net
Since 1978, the Division of Subsistence of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game has been studying subsistence in Alaska, primarily from a social science perspective. In most small rural Alaska communities, Division researchers have observed, 30 percent of the households typically account for 70 percent of the community’s subsistence harvest. They...
The U.S. Climate Change Science Program and its Relevance to the Arctic
James R. Mahoney1Abstract:
1Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere., Department of Commerce/NOAA, Room 5804, 14th and Constitution, Washington, DC, 20030, USA, Phone 202-482-3567, Fax 202-482-6318, James.R.Mahoney@noaa.gov
Coming soon...
Alaska Paleoglacier Atlas
William F. Manley1, Darrell S. Kaufman2Abstract:
1INSTAAR, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA, Phone 303-735-1300, Fax 303-492-6388, William.Manley@colorado.edu
2Dept. of Geology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-4099, USA, Phone 928-523-7192, Darrell.Kaufman@nau.edu
With contributions from: Ager, T.A., Axford, Y., Balascio, N., Beget, J.E., Briner, J.P., Carrara, P., Hamilton, T.D., Lubinski, D.J., Reger, R.D., Schmoll, H.R., Thorson, R.M., Waythomas, C.F., Weber, F.R., Werner, A., and Wilson, F.H.
Three decades after the last Alaska-wide compilations of glacial geology (Karlstrom et al., 1964; Coulter et...
Panel Discussion: How will the challenges posed by global changes be met by society?
Daniel Mann1, Taqulik Hepa2, Charles Johnson3, Chris Kearney4, Mike Kunz5, Roger Simmons6Abstract:
1Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, PO Box 757000, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7000, USA, Phone 907-474-2419, Fax 907-474-7640, dmann@mosquitonet.com
2Department of Wildlife Management, North Slope Borough, PO Box 69, Barrow, AK, 99723, USA, Phone 907-852-0350, Fax 907-852-0351, taqulik.hepa@north-slope.org
3Alaska Nanuuq Commission, PO Box 946, Nome, AK, 99762, USA, Phone 907-443-5044, Fax 907-443-5060, cjohnson@nook.net
4Deputy Asst. Secretary for Policy and International Affairs, Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street NW, Room 5113, Washington, DC, 20240, USA, Phone 202-208-3219, chris_kearney@ios.doi.gov
5Northern Field Office, Bureau of Land Management, 1150 University Avenue, Fairbanks, AK, 99709, USA, Phone 907-474-2311, mike_kunz@ak.blm.gov
6Consulate General of Canada, 412 Plaza 600, Sixth and Stewart Streets, Seattle, WA, 98101-1286, USA, Phone 206-443-1777, Fax 206-443-9662, seatl@dfait-maeci.gc.ca
Daniel Mann, University of Alaska Fairbanks, will moderate a panel discussion on: How will the challenges posed by global changes be met by society? The purpose of this panel discussion is to explore the potential gap between what is happening on the land and what government agencies plan to do about it....
Polar Bears Use Coastal Habitats as Sea Ice Contracts
Rosa H. Meehan1, Scott L. Schliebe2, Susanne B. Kalxdorff3, Kelly Proffitt4Abstract:
1Marine Mammals Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 E. Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK, 99503, USA, Phone 907-786 3349, Fax 907-786 3816, rosa_meehan@fws.gov
2Marine Mammals Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 E. Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK, 99503, USA, Phone 907-786 3812, scott_schliebe@fws.gov
3Marine Mammals Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 E. Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK, 99503, USA
4Marine Mammals Management, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 E. Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK, 99503, USA
Warming trends in the Arctic are detrimentally affecting polar bears. Studies of polar bear population dynamics in Hudson Bay demonstrate a significant positive relationship between the time of breakup and the physical condition of adult females (earlier breakup relates to poorer condition of the bears). Along the Alaskan Beaufort coast, surveys during...
Modeling Thaw Depth Over Permafrost for the Arctic Drainage Basin and the Comparison to Measurements at CALM Field Sites
Christop Oelke1, Tingjun Zhang2, Mark Serreze3, Richard Armstrong4Abstract:
1National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Campus Box 216, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA, Phone 303-735-0213, Fax 303-492-2468, coelke@nsidc.org
2National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Campus Box 449, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA, Phone 303-492-5236, Fax 303-492-2468, tzhang@nsidc.org
3National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Campus Box 216, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA, Phone 303-492-2963, Fax 303-492-2468, serreze@kryos.colorado.edu
4National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Campus Box 449, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA, Phone 303-492-1828, Fax 303-492-2468, rlax@kryos.colorado.edu
A finite difference model for one-dimensional heat conduction with phase change is applied to investigate soil freezing and thawing processes over the Arctic drainage basin. Calculations are performed on the 25 km x 25 km resolution NSIDC EASE-Grid.
NCEP re-analyzed sigma-0.995 surface temperature with a topography correction, and SSM/I-derived weekly snow...
Suffering and Solace: Vulnerability and Resilience to Environmental Change in Northern Iceland c. AD 1700-1900
Astrid EJ Ogilvie1Abstract:
1Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, and the Stefansson Arctic Institute, Sólborg, 600, Akureyri, Iceland, 1560 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA, Phone 303-492-6072, Fax 303-492-6388, ogilvie@spot.colorado.edu
...thus when the animals are dead; the people must consequently die also, here in the north where there is no other food source apart from the animals, especially when all the northern coasts are spanned by the evil sea ice, as this year, when the ice first broke up on 23 August....
Cumulative Environmental Effects of Oil and Gas Activities on Alaska's North Slope
Gordon Orians1Abstract:
1Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA, 98195-1800, USA, Phone 206/543-1658, Fax 206/543-3041, blackbrd@u.washington.edu
Since 1977 Alaska’s North Slope has produced 14 billion barrels of crude oil from an industrial complex that today extends over an area about the size of Rhode Island. Although the industry has made great strides in developing environmentally sensitive ways of exploring and extracting hydrocarbons, there is a legacy of cumulative...
Alaska Native Subsistence Life Ways Rely on Healthy Ocean Ecosystems
George Owletuck1Abstract:
1301 Krane Drive, Apt 3, Anchorage, AK, USA, Phone 907-332-3344
The North Pacific is one of the most productive marine ecosystems in the world. Subsistence use of marine species has sustained Alaska Natives and our cultures for millennia. However, this now may be at risk. Recently, the U.S. Department of Commerce concluded that many U.S. fisheries are over-fished, including Alaska's oceans. Dramatic...
Arctic Coastal Dynamics (ACD) - Status Report
Volker Rachold1, Jerry Brown2Abstract:
1Research Unit Potsdam, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, PO Box 12 01 61, Bremerhaven, D-27515, Germany, Phone 49-471-4831-12, Fax 49-471-4831-11, vrachold@AWI-Potsdam.de
2International Permafrost Association, PO Box 7, Woods Hole, MA, 02543-0007, USA, Phone 508-457-4982, Fax 508-457-4982, jerrybrown@igc.org
Coastal dynamics directly reflecting the complicated land-ocean interactions play an important role in the balance of sediments, organic carbon and nutrients in the Arctic basin. Recent studies indicate that sediment input to the Arctic shelves resulting from erosion of ice-rich, permafrost-dominated coasts may be equal to or greater than input from river...
Commander Islands as the significant point for monitoring some dangerous changes in Beringia Ecosystem.
Vladimir F Sevostianov1Abstract:
1Commander Islands & BC Nature Protection and Conservation Association, P.O. Box 5482, Victoria, BC, V8R 6S4, Canada, seaotter3@hotmail.com
As you may be aware, the number of sea otters has dramatically declined during the last seven years in some parts of the Northern Pacific. At this time, we can foresee a really catastrophical reduction in the population of sea otters near the Aleutian Islands. They seem to disappear for...
SBI - Microzooplankton: roles as herbivores and as food for mesozooplankton
Evelyn B. Sherr1, Barry F. Sherr2, Carin J. Ashjian3, Robert Campbell4Abstract:
1College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Science, Oregon State Unversity, 104 Ocean Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5503, USA, Phone 541-737-4369, Fax 541-737-2064, sherre@coas.oregonstate.edu
2College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Science, Oregon State Unversity, 104 Ocean Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR, USA, Phone 541-737-4369 , Fax 541-737-2064, sherrb@ucs.orst.edu
3Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA, Phone 508-289-3457, Fax 508-457-2134, cashjian@whoi.edu
4Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Bay Campus, 50 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI, 02881-1901, USA, Phone 401-874-6692, Fax 401-874-6240, campbell@gso.uri.edu
During the 2002 field year of the Shelf-Basin Interactions (SBI) project, we carried out dilution assay experiments to evaluate microzooplankton grazing rates and phytoplankton growth rates, and mesozooplankton grazing experiments to determine relative grazing of copepods on phytoplankton and on heterotrophic protists. Based on changes in chlorophyll-a content as a proxy for...
Variations in white spruce (Picea glauca) performance at and below treeline in three mountain ranges across the boreal zone in Alaska
Matthew Smith1, Tumi Traustason2, Bjartmar Sveinbjörnsson3, Roger Ruess4Abstract:
1Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA, Phone 907 786 1366, Fax 907 786 4607, afmrs2@uaa.alaska.edu
2Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA, Phone 907 474 7640, Fax 907 474 6967, aftt@uaa.alaska.edu
3Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA, Phone 907 786 1366, Fax 907 786 4607, afbs@uaa.alaska.edu
4Institute of Arctic Biology , University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA, Phone 907 474 7153, Fax 907 474 6967, ffrwr@uaf.edu
Studies of white spruce growth and related characteristics were conducted above and below the forest limit, i.e. in the treeline zone and forest zones in the Brooks Range in northern Alaska, in the White Mountains, central Alaska, and in the Chugach Mountains, south-central Alaska.
Branch extension growth was greatest in...
Evidence of Compensation in Weekly Production Patterns of a Dominant Arctic Sedge
Paddy Sullivan1, Jeffrey Welker2, Jace Fahnestock3Abstract:
1The Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA, Phone 970-491-5630, Fax 970-491-1965, paddy@nrel.colostate.edu
2The Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA, jwelker@nrel.colostate.edu
3The Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA, jace@nrel.colostate.edu
Terrestrial arctic systems support relatively few vascular plant species that differ in their effects on ecosystem processes and in their response to directional climate change. Consequently, recognizing when and how dominant species will respond is required as we build a mechanistic understanding of arctic systems in a changing climate. In...
We Will Change If We Can, If We Have To: What Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit and Western Scientific Knowledge Tell us About Resiliency and Vulnerability of a People Living with Climate Change and Caribou
Natasha Thorpe1Abstract:
1Golder Associates Ltd., Suite 220, 174 Wilson Street, Victoria, BC, V9A 7N6, Canada, Phone 250-881-7372, Fax 250-881-7470, nthorpe@golder.com
Inuit observations of a warming climate, and how climate change has influenced caribou, were recorded as part of the Tuktu (caribou) and Nogak (calves) Project (TNP) between 1996 and 2001. This community-driven effort sought to document and communicate Inuit knowledge, or Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (IQ), of the Bathurst caribou and calving grounds...
Alaska Treelines - Tree damage and growth above and below the white spruce (Picea glauca) forest limit in three Alaskan mountain ranges
Tumi Traustason1, Matthew Smith2, Bjartmar Sveinbjörnsson3, Roger Ruess4Abstract:
1Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Anchorage and University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology , Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA, Phone 907 474 7640, Fax 907 474 6967, aftt@uaa.alaska.edu
2Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA, Phone 907 786 1366, Fax 907 786 4607, afmrs2@uaa.alaska.edu
3Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA, Phone 907 786 1366, Fax 907 786 4607, afbs@uaa.alaska.edu
4Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA, Phone 907 474 7153, Fax 907 474 6967, ffrwr@uaf.edu
In this study we evaluate physical damage of white spruce at treeline and in forest in three Alaska mountain ranges. Treeline trees in the coastal Chugach Mountains have the most extensive crown damage in addition to the highest number of stem brakes. The damage is strongly directional towards the...
Facilitating Scientific and Technical Research with the Former Soviet Union
Marianna V. Voevodskaya1, David H. Lindeman2, Shawn T. Wheeler3Abstract:
1NSF-CRDF Cooperative Programs Office, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32a Leninsky Prospekt, Room 603, Moscow, 119334, Russia, Phone 7-095-938-5151, Fax 7-095-938-1838, marianna@crdf.org
2Cooperative Grants Program, US Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF), 1530 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 300, Arlington, VA, 22209, USA, Phone 703-526-9720, Fax 703-526-9721, dlindeman@crdf.org
3Grant Assistance Program, US Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF), 1530 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 300, Arlington, VA, 22209, USA, Phone 703-526-9720, Fax 703-526-9721, swheeler@crdf.org
The U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) for the Independent States of the former Soviet Union is a private, nonprofit, grant-making organization created in 1995 by the U.S. Government (National Science Foundation).
The CRDF promotes scientific and technical collaboration between the U.S. and the countries of the former Soviet...
Rapid Shifts in the Arctic Climate System: Implications for Vulnerability and Resilience
John E. Walsh1Abstract:
1International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska, 930 Koyukuk Drive, P.O. Box 99775-7335, Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7335, USA, Phone 907-474-2677, Fax 907-474-2643, walsh@atmos.uiuc.edu
The reality of rapid climate shifts in the past has become increasingly evident from paleoclimatic data. Evidence from ice cores, for example, indicates that North Atlantic temperatures have changed by 5-10ºC, while precipitation rates changesd by 50%, in the several-decade timespan of a human generation. Such shifts have significant implications for the...
The Arctic Research Consortium of the United States
Wendy K. Warnick1Abstract:
1Executive Director, ARCUS, 3535 College Rd. Suite 101, Fairbanks, AK, 99701, USA, Phone 907-474-1600, Fax 907-4741604, arcus@arcus.org
The Arctic Research Consortium of the United States (ARCUS) is a nonprofit membership organization, composed of universities and institutions that have a substantial commitment to research in the Arctic. ARCUS promotes arctic research by improving communication among the arctic research community, by organizing workshops, and by publishing scientific research plans. ARCUS was...
Interactions Between Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization and Soil Organic Matter Chemistry in Arctic Tundra Soils
Michael Weintraub1, Joshua P. Schimel2Abstract:
1Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, 507 Mesa Road, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA, Phone 805-893-5226, Fax 805-893-4724, weintrau@lifesci.ucsb.edu
2Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, 507 Mesa Road, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA, Phone 805-893-7688, Fax 805-893-4724, Schimel@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu
We used long term long-term lab incubations and chemical fractionation to characterize the mineralization dynamics of organic soils from tussock, shrub, and wet meadow tundra communities, to determine the relationship between soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and chemistry, and to quantify the relative proportions of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in tundra...
Coupling of carbon and water cycles in a cold, dry ecosystem: Integrative physical, chemical and biological processes and their controls on CO2 exchange
Jeff Welker1, Ron Sletten2, Bernard Hallet3, Josh Schimel4, Jace Fahnestock5Abstract:
1NREL, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA, Phone 970-491-1796, Fax 970-491-1965, jwelker@nrel.colostate.edu
2QRC, University of Washington, USA, Phone 206/543-0571, Fax 206/543-3836, sletten@u.washington.edu
3QRC, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, Phone 206/685-2409, Fax 206/543-3836, hallet@u.washington.edu
4Biological, University of California, 507 Mesa Road, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, Phone 805/893-7688, Fax 805/893-4724, Schimel@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu
5NREL, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Phone 970/491-5262, Fax 970/491-1965, jace@nrel.colostate.edu
We propose to quantify the coupling of the carbon and water cycles and the interacting physical, chemical and biological (PCB) processes that control C exchange between cold, dry terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. We are focusing on cold, dry ecosystems because: (1) understanding of carbon and water interrelationships and net C...
Henrik Ibsen and the Environment
Trond Woxen1Abstract:
111131 Camarillo St. #8, North Hollywood, CA, 91602-1224, USA, Phone 818/505-8416, trontroll@cs.com
The Father of the Modern Drama, Henrik Ibsen, is known for deep psychological insights into his characters. However, some of his plays (and other writings) also focus on environmental issues. These issues have mostly been overlooked. In this presentation, Ibsen's concern with the environment will be explored.